| Element | 2025 Price (US$/kg) | Category |
|---|---|---|
| Lanthanum oxide | US$1.00 | Light REE |
| Cerium oxide | US$1.71 | Light REE |
| Neodymium oxide | US$73 | Magnet REE |
| Praseodymium oxide | US$74 | Magnet REE |
| NdPr oxide | US$69 | Magnet REE |
| Dysprosium | ~US$250 | Heavy REE — magnet |
| Terbium | >US$1,000 | Heavy REE — magnet |
| Europium oxide | US$27 | Heavy REE |
| Gadolinium oxide | US$30 | Heavy REE |
Electric vehicles: each EV carries 2–5 kg of NdFeB permanent magnets. Global EV production is projected to require approximately 120,000 tonnes of NdFeB magnets annually by 2030.
Wind turbines: a single megawatt of direct-drive capacity requires approximately 500 kg of permanent magnets (~167 kg rare-earth content). A 15-MW offshore turbine uses roughly 2.5 tonnes of rare earths per unit.
Defence: an F-35 fighter carries more than 900 pounds (~408 kg) of rare-earth content. An Arleigh Burke destroyer requires ~5,200 pounds; a Virginia-class submarine ~9,200 pounds.
Global rare-earth demand for permanent-magnet applications is projected to reach approximately 50,000 tonnes/year by 2030. Current non-Chinese NdPr production: Lynas ~10,500 t/yr; MP Materials targeting ~13,000 t/yr by 2028. The arithmetic is tight — non-Chinese supply must scale significantly to close the gap.
China produced approximately 138,000 tonnes of sintered NdFeB magnets in 2018 (CSIS estimate). The best Western non-Chinese capacity expected by 2028 is roughly 10,000 tonnes (MP Materials). The 13:1 ratio describes the gap the entire post-2025 diversification push is trying to close.